We will leave our hotel at am and set off on our cycling ride towards the peaceful countryside of Cam Kim Island. The route will lead us through lush sceneries, rice paddies, and farmlands. We will be free to stop along the way as many times as we wish or just keep on riding eagerly if that is the way we prefer. There will be time to visit a local family in Duy Vinh Commune and learn about the curious ancestral technique that they use to make traditional sedge mattresses. After the break, we will make our way to the coast at Thu Bon river mouth and prepare ourselves to climb over the new Cua Dai bridge.
This will be the most challenging part of your morning cycle but in return, we will be rewarded with spectacular panoramic views over Hoi An, the rivers, and the coco palm mangrove forest. Time to relax after our active morning enjoying a home-made lunch at a local house in a nice village en-route before being transferred to our hotel around pm. In the afternoon, you can enjoy your own time at the swimming pool or beach.
After breakfast, our driver arrives and takes you to Danang airport for boarding a flight to Ho Chi Minh city. After checking in, you can relax until our guide picks you up to wandering around the city. In the afternoon, get your bearings as we view the Jade Emperor Pagoda and colonial General Post Office and Notre Dame Cathedral closed by the Communist regime after the takeover, but now flourishing again, with services each day at dawn.
In the morning we pick up from your hotel and take you to Can Tho or Cai Be. You board your comfortable wooden river cruise vessel around noon. After a refreshing welcome drink, we show you our on-board facilities and your cozy cabin.
As lunch is served, the boat starts cruising. Sit back and watch the fantastic scenery and the daily life of the Mekong people.
In the afternoon you can disembark for a guided leisurely stroll through a village and the surrounding fruit orchards or rice fields. Meet the friendly locals and taste the local produce and fruits. Get back on board and enjoy a drink at the bar or relax on deck as the sun sets over the magnificent water landscape of the Mekong river.
The cruise boat will anchor for the night. The day ends with a delicious on-board dinner. You stay overnight onboard your floating hotel in the Mekong Delta. Our cruise boat tours leave from Can Tho to Cai Be on odd dates, e. Sept 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. Wake up well rested to the sound of the river and get ready for another exciting day of sightseeing in the Mekong Delta.
Watch the locals go about their daily work drying exotic fruits and building ships on the wooden yards while enjoying an early breakfast. On even dates, you will explore the small channels of the Mekong Delta around Cai Be with a small sampan or on foot. Marvel at the sheer abundance of exotic fruits, vegetables, and skilfully handcrafted regional products.
We will pull up to the boats for talking and bargaining with the merchants. We will also visit some of the local candy and cake making factories or boat through the green water landscape to see local houses, verdant orchards, and ship-building yards. Disembark around noontime with lunch at a local restaurant. Upon arriving in Siem Reap, your tour guide and driver will meet and take you to our hotel. Overnight in Siem Reap.
We rise early to travel to Ta Prohm. Ta Prohm has been abandoned to the elements, a reminder that while empires rise and fall, the riotous power of nature marches on, oblivious to the dramas of human history. After soaking up the unique atmosphere of Ta Prohm, we continue to the giant pyramid of Takeo, one of the highest temples in the Angkor area. Built at the end of the 10th-century, it was never completed.
Some scholars contend this was due to an inauspicious lightning strike during construction. Others have suggested the high quality sandstone was simply too hard to carve in detail.
This morning we also visit the remains of an old Angkorian bridge which once spanned the Siem Reap river. Like the Romans before them, the Khmer kings built long, straight roads connecting the outposts of their empire, and these included many magnificent bridges. There is also the option to visit the smaller temples of Chau Sey Devada and Thommanon for avid temple enthusiasts. See also G. The later VIews on mutdbaqa are presented by Mehren, pp.
The second 'AbbasId cahph, The reference is to 'Umar usually known as 'Amr b. HuraIt, a favorite of al-Mahdi ; cf. Agani, III, A fIgure observed and named by p. The term ta'attuf appears to have fallen mto desuetude soon after al-'Askari's death, the fIgure being subsumed under taInis tamm.
The verse is certainly not by Imru'ulqaIs. Imru'ulqais has, however, In Abu DU'ad, Frg. The poet lS as-Samau'al b. Badi', pp. The combmation of the two t,erms was famlhar to d. The earlIest reference so far is that m the poet al-lJuraImi, fl. Hayawan, V, 91, men- tions kinaya and 1,stiqaq as providing the means for euphemIsms. Kamil, pp. Amidi has the term, e. Iasan al-Basri. The poet IS Tufall al-Ganawi, fl. Krenkow, London, , I, , quotes a verse by Ibrahim b. Bakr b. Dulaf al-'IJli d.
Uli, p. ThIS fIgure of speech appears to have been defmed m the second half of the 10th century only. AmIdi, p. The claSSICal terms are con- versw, cf. Mafatih, p. Baydn, III, 76,translated by H. Smith, in Early MysticMm, London, , p. Iasan b. Abdallah al-'Askari has written to Mul;1ammad b.
Yal;1ya b. What are they 2 He said P. May the balsam be watered abundantly! The poet IS Mahk b. Asma' b. BB, p. Ahmad b. BaHawaih ; Nuwmri. II, 34 anon. Sm, pp. Wasdta, p. I, to Qur'dn For further dIscussIOns cf.
Razl, p. Ill, and Itqan, II, II, 99 2 , Bad? II, 98 11 , Badi', p. If he had not done so there would not have been an iltifat The dIscourse, however, would have been in perfect order munta? So when a poet abandons hIS primary sequence of ideas kalam and then returns to it III a pleasmg manner, that is zltzfiit. Oh tears, assist me against the dwellers of the Uplands Najd I" LikewIse the verse of J arir "The doves were excited at l u 'I-Arak and roused my yearning: may you always 'be at the water-course and in the green woods, Oh doves I" He suddenly turns to iltafata ila the doves and WIshes them well.
Similarly the verse of :ij:assfm b. Mu'awiya b. Ja'far b abi 1'ahb. Waftr KutaYYlr died I, 14p5; Badi', p. H Hirschfeld, London, , TUllIS, , p. Noldeke, Delectus carmtnum arabtcorum, Berlm, , p. Hassan died For Allah that is not of much account. They stepped forth to Allah in a body.
DIed under Sm, p. The Friend of God, the blblIcal Abraham Qur'l'in Qur'dn 7 , Read man ya'uddu. Later, t'tzrdd IS dIscussed, e.
Sm, p , took over verbatim the deflnItIOn, Bad'! For thls flgure of speech, more frequently called correctw, see Volkmann, op. For the later Arabic VIew, see Mehren, p. An example of ar-rulu' is the verse of Zuhair "Halt at the homesteads which the bygone times have not oblite- rated, yes i e, on the contrary, nay , wmds and rains have changed them.
So I am lIke one who IS on the point of breaking, alas, who has turned his mind away and prepares to leave " Likewise the verse of Bassar b Burd "I can protect myself from Ol'" outwit lum who twists the truth or: the slanderer , but from the arch-liar there IS no protection.
I'Jo,z' na'am; Ahlwardt: bald. The poet is Yazid b. Rescher, 1, The verse, however, really belongs to 'Umar b.
The poet IS Ibn ad-Dumama, p. Marwan b. Isma'il ttt-Tamimi, d. Mani' ; Nuwaui, III anon. II, 7 Mahmud b. TruSlS a kind of confirmation itarb mm at-ta'Md , the opposite of the allusion tsara which we have mentioned before. Tag,yU is exemplIfied by this verse of Abu Du'ad. I:IutaI'a d. Fawahd, p. Muwassah pp. QuotatIOns: p. IndIa OffICe no. Kren- kow, of Cambndge, England ; Qanun, p. Maqrum ad-J!
Mufaddalty- yat, II, In the place of thIS hne al-Hutal'a, Diwan, ed. Braunhch, Islamtca, I , , gIves a. II, 17 '! Abdallah wrote me He said: Abu Bakr b. Hisam did. And be not avaricious like Ibn Qaz'a.
SImilarly, 'Umda, I, The fIgure is hsted by all later systems; cf. The term seems to belong to the 9th century; cf. Famous grammanan, d. Grammanan, d. TUllIS, HIrschfeld, 3. AI-Hant b. Hisam b. HIrschfeld, poem The poet IS BaSsar b. Hisam, as it were, due to fatigue. I replIed: And what is its purpose He said. It looks b. Qaz'a, brother of aI-Malawi, the mutakalltm, a.
IrBad, I, no 55 , speaks of one Ahmad b. The poet IS Ishaq b. Ibrahim al-MaUl;nli. Badf,', p 62, Bayan, I, anon. Burd , ljass, p. Stn, p , Sull, AT, p. Or: who IS plump and lean at the same tIme. For the meamng of rayyan and zam'an, d. Lane, pp. Idris as-Saw. He answered' I am not to be blamed for taking thIS technique over from hIm and for followmg him in what he says. To this chapter belongs the verse of AbU.
Tammam: "Separation rushed upon us as fast as one rushes to flIght when Isl. Whoever IS shootmg with it shoots with the arrow of doom. II, 21S 17 , Stn, p. The verse IS quoted once more and dIScussed, i']az, pp. Ahlwardt 4 SO,S1 as the earhest Instances. Basit Qur'an 16 50, I fall to discern the tstztrad m thIS example. Fawuhd, pp. HI, dIscusses takrar m great detaIl. Nuwalri, VII, , also uses thls form of the term. The poet IS 'Abid b. Ma' as-Sarna' ; of. LyaU, Introductzon, p.
He was probably born ca. J Lyall, Leiden and London, , 7. LA, XX, , dlscusses the phrase of the second hemu;tlch. SibawaIhi d. Derenbourg, ParIS, , I, , ch. U5, pomts out that Euenos of Paros, who dIed not long after Sokrates d. We have restricted Qurselves to mentioning some of them, and thereby we have indirectly called attention to those that we did not expressly mention because we dislike prolixity tatwU. Nor is it the purpose of this sketch to record all the categories abwab of bad;!.
Some people assume that the jaz of the Qur an can be derwed from the chapters on the rhetorICal figures which we have submItted and that proof of this 2 jaz can be adduced from them This, however, IS not our opinion For P. Whereas the types of presentation from which we maintain that the i jaz of the Qur'an may be known cannot possIbly be achieved by human beings nor grasped by them.
Muwassah, p. I , Qanun, p. Ahlwardt , App. Accordmg to Ahlwardt, Asma'zyydt, Eznlettung, p 4, the verse perhaps belongs rather to Ka'b b. Sa'd al-Ganawi. Krenkow, CaIro, , pp. OblIterated though theIr traces be , their dwellings rubu have not been removed by the spring-rain raM! The clouds saljab have dragged sahaba their traIl over It, and the meadows have been frmged aljmala by them with blossoms. They became devoid tafa of the provisions for the guests tufat.
They have a noble ancestry, brownish sumr lance-heads tawali , and a place of nightly conversation samir , elegance jamal unabating, and camel-stallions jamzl. In nights that made you disconsolate and in which the secluded gazelles taqa'iZ of the women-apartments cut your reason aql to shreds. Slender ones, if they would use theIr anklets! JaZaljU as belts" 'they al-lJaZ They are wild kme, except that they are companionable, lances from al-:e:att, except that these have lost theIr freshness the verse contains two madly, bi-ma YuSbzhu 'rJ-rJamm.
They arouse a passion hawa that IS stealthIly grasping its opportunity' verily the best of breezes hawa; also' paSSIOn is a gentle breeze under whose shadow you stroll about. As a matter of fact, because of this very fondlIess of artifIciality.
An instance IS provIded by his saymgin a qada which begins. Al-Marzubani d. Dozy, I, , 8. The forced use of words taklij becomes chilling and the display of skill ICe-cold. Still he sometimes achieves choiceness or' the extraordmary; nadir and elegance in hIS dICtIOn,just as in other cases he achieves chilliness and ugliness. And if thIs tajnts occurs in his speech, it is in most cases beautIful, elegant, graceful, and fIlle hasan, raBtq, jamU.
It is, however, Illevitable and una- Mansur b Bassam; cf. Abu Tammam, DtlLan, ed M. Wasata, p 65, severely cntlclzes the hne. Ir, of aI-Hira, ca. Sadqarni, descended from Sadllam, occurs, e. Quoted Eadi', p. Almdi, p. How could it be otherWlsey1 since such perfection has been denied to men more illustrious than he and more powerful in their art!
JanCa and of a superior or: more ancient class akbar ff, 't-ta,baqa , such as Imru'ulqais, Zuhair. In tills chapter with the will of Allah and Hls help Wlll be presented the necessary characteristics of the masters of poetical techruque, and, on the other hand the verification.
Thus they compose books on the Al-Biiqilliini's Judgment of Abu Tammiim and al-Buhturi agrees es- -sentmlly wlth that arrived at by al-Amld!. Mushm theology does not recogruze "laws of nature" and only ad- mits the eXlstence of hablts 'dddt of nature-such as the lack of food habltually but not necessarily entaIlmg the feelmg of hunger. Thus a. The idea IS oratw 'lnncta.
Ju ba, and pad their composition with what they find in these books. And whoever IS traIned sufficiently and advanced in his command hit?
And this is a road not impossIble to travel and a door not InaCgessibl. It is open to everybody and every- body arrives at some halting-place accordIng to his knowledge and in proportlOn to the help extended to him by hIS natural gifts. But as for the ambItion of rivallIng the composition of the Qur'an, there is no pattern to be followed nor an Imam to be Imitated; nor can anythIng lIke It be achieved by chance, as an extraordInary verse, a word that goes around amongst the people, P.
For the unusual occurs to the poet in some parts lam C of hIS poetry only, to the secretary kfit2b in fractions of hIS epistles rasa? And even if all of his poetry were extraordinary and a proverbial saymg matp,l traversing the world, full of original ideas and elegant words, if all hIS dIscourse kalam were aglow with radiance and splendor, fIlled WIth brilliance and bright beauty, if there should not be met in it medlOcrity al-mutawass2t bain al-kaldmain , vaCillation al- mutaraddzd bain at-tara fain , chilliness, cumbersomeness, coarseness or whatever else may be obJectionable: It wotlid not dIsclose the uniqueness iCiiiz in the DIvine Speech kalam , nor reveal the amazmg dIsparity tajawut between human and divme composition m?
The above is only an abstract requirIng further particulars, a vague summary mubham which m part calls for comment. We shall record all that, Allah willing and helping. It may, however, be said of the rhetorical figures bad? It may further be saId that the Qur'an cannot be separahed from any of the rhetOrIcal sciences fann minjunun baldgati-htm nor from any type of eloquence wajh min wujuh fatjahdti-him. If this line of argument is adopted and the subject matter formulated in this way, then it is well and good.
We refrain, however, from stating the above without restriction So thmk this over as well as everything else that has been recorded regarding our forebears and the judicious masters of rhetoric, eloquence, and correct diction. Study also the prose expres- sions and the conversational phrases in use amongst them, and the parables handed down from them.
Then the difference in value fadl between the speech of men and the speech of the Lord of the Worlds will strIke you, and you will recogmze that the composition na? In case you should imagine or suspect that a comparison between the composition of poetry and of the Qur'an is necessary on the ground that poetry is eo ipso more eloquent, excellent and subtle than any address, epistle or diatribe in prose - it was for this reason that It was said of the Prophet: he is a poet or a magician -, and in case the DevIl has deluded you into the behef that poetry is more eloquent, more startling a jab , P.
DId you hear the scholar who is - as far as I am aware - the fore- most expert m literature adab , and the most skilful in this craft apart from being prominent in the art of discoure kaldm , say. The reference probably IS to pp. For poetry narrows the possIbihty of rendermg Ideas mtaq al. There was, however, another scholar in his company who likewise excelled III the craftsmanship of speech and who conferred with him on the subject.
He mentioned that there is no a prIori reason why poetry should not be more eloquent ahlag than prose if it meets the requirements of rhetoric jaljal;a , or more original abda if it encompasses the various means of eloquence 3 In my opIlllOn, the latter VIew is borne out by the fact that the bulk of excellent speech in Arabic is composed in poetry, and that we do not find in Arabic prose what we find in Arabic verse. If recently epistles III Arabic have reached a degree of excellence such as cannot be found III any earher period and cannot have been taken over from early and historical accounts abMr , 4 nevertheless it IS poetry which comprises the entire substance and all the paraphernaha, of human dIscourse, and this notwithstanding the fact that poetry is limIted in its ImgUlstic freedom.
So al-Mutanabbi saId to him WIth all his rhetorical talents this Meccan was unable to express himself in verse 6 If this story about him usefulness -the kahb takes precedence over the s i'ir.
Qalqasandi d. The prmclpal conslderatlon m favor of poetry's precedence over prose IS the argument that, all other elements bemg equal, poetry has the addItional ment of metre and rhyme In other words, the overcommg of the obstacles of form by the poet entItles hls work to a hlgher rank than mere prose representatlOn of IllS Ideas would secure for lllm.
Al-BaqIIlani here refers to the rasahl of al-ljwanzIni d. At fIrst he lS inchned to accord precedence to prose. Then he reverses hImself m favor of poetry, always mamtammg, however, the Incomparable preemmence of the Qur'dn. BIachlke, Abou al-Motanabbi, Pans, , p.
Now, no matter whether poetICal speech does possess rhetorICal power or not, we have made It plaIll that the compositIOn of the Qur'an ex- cels every kmd of composItion In rhetorIcal power, and that It surpasses every kind of speech III eloquence balaga , By means of proofs which made thIS matter as clear as the sun and as lUCId as mornmg, you have been enabled to see its obviousness Please consIder now what we shall submit to you S and pIcture in your own mmd what we WIll attempt to pICture to you to the end that you may clearly realize that rank of the Qur'an.
Contemplation of what we have put in systematIC order WIll reveal the truth to you If we wIsh to prove our assertIOn we have to turn to a poem qa,da , the high rank, correctness sihlJ,a of composItion P.
Arnold, The Preachmg of Islam, 2nd ed. On the development of the concept and the Chnstian reactIOn to the Koran cf. The text erroneously repeats ma nU'ndu-hu. You do not doubt the excellence of Imru'ulqais' poetry, nor are you 'Sceptical regarding its perfection, and you do not heSItate to affirm the purlty of his language fafifiha You also know that he has mtroduced new elements into the poetical style which have been followed ever smce , beg?
You are likewise familIar with the compansons which he brought into use, the elegance tamllh to be found m his poems, the great versatility or: variety; taarruf you encounter m rus speech, and the different categones into which the virtues of his diction may be divided, such as artistic fmesse tnll,ca , naturalness, easiness of elo-. You hear the critics challengmg a poet compose a lamtyya ll lIke the mU'allaqa of Imru'ulqaIs ' Then you see the souls of the poets wrestlmg Lo match mu'firarla 12 or equal it in Its style.
Frequently they stumble in many respects as compared to hIm, or again excel rum m some points, 9. ThIS paragraph is quoted by C. Ie, the mu'allaqdt. N oldeke, SBWA, phll-hlst. A poem rhymrng rn -l But when it comes to counting the beauties 13 of Imru ulqaIs' poetry you wIll fmd them lImited in number and a tiling within your ken.
You meet with rhetorical figures or: onginal traIts; bad'! For the kind Jms of aspiration to which they dedicate themselves, and the aim whiCh they are pursuing are within the orbit of human posslblhties and are of a type mankmd can match. So everybody shoots here with one arrow and obtams one dart. And then the arrows reach different marks and the bowmen are unequal in their achievements. The composition of the Qur'an, however , is a thing apart and a special process not to be equalled, free of rivals If you WIsh to realize the grandeur of the Qur an reflect on what we are going to say in this chapter on Imru ulqais WIth respect to his best poem, and on what we shall explain in detail to you about his defects.
V, 1 TOe X! For the use of maMszn as applIed to poetry, cf. J amil Only Ibn al-Mu'tazz appears to have asslgned the word a more strwtly techmcal meanmg. As thIS IS not the place to present acntwa. The mu'allaqa IS perhaps the most referred to poem in all Arabw hterature. Gandz, SBWA, phll. ISaraf d.
HIS attacks on 4S. Il,l and al-MIqrat, its traces have not been effaced by what Southwind and Northwind have woven over It" Those who are his eager partisans or claim all the beauties of poetry for him say. Consider- may Allah lead you the right way-and look-may Allah give you guidance' You know that in these two hnes there is nothmg whereby he has outstripped any other poet on the race-track or beaten any other artist.
Both III wording and meaning there are defects in these verses. Let's go! Thank 1 Reply 14 Share. The rules of replying: Be respectful. This is a space for friendly local discussions. No racist, discriminatory, vulgar or threatening language will be tolerated. Be transparent. Use your real name, and back up your claims. Much of the first half of the ride passes through rubber plantations; myriad tracks disappear into the plantations and friendly locals weave back and forth.
The small town of 0 Riang Au From here, the road improves considerably and is surfaced. The road is elevated above the surrounding paddy fields and it is flat, freewheeling country. Svay Antor 62km makes a convenient stop for a final drink. It is a small, handsome town with an air of neglect, and not a tourist in sight. Day 3: Prey Veng to Svay Rieng hours, By the time you read this, National Hwy 1 from Neak Loung should have been completely renovated and as good as any road in the country.
Leaving the serenity of somnolent Prey Veng, the road soon deteriorates as many sections have simply fallen away during the wet season; in many places the road is littered with potholes. This is one of the quieter parts of the ride and although there are a few tiny villages, carry a few liters of water just to be sure.
When the Mekong appears at 30km, Neak Loung is nearing. Today the town is a thriving, if uninspiring, transport hub. It is a good place to get fed and watered. Several villages on the highway have supplies, including Kompong Soeung The scenery varies with the season: in the wet the surrounding area is quilted in a dazzling array of greens, but in the dry season it is barren and bland.
The Tonle Waykor flows through the town centre. There are no banks for foreign exchange, but hotels and market stalls can exchange US dollars for riel. Bike shops are in the area around the market.
Along the way to the border town of Bavet, the small towns of Prasout At the border itself Bicycle trip in Vietnam-Cambodia border offer many challenges on unique roads.
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